The report is a literature review of the published material related to the recovery from the Canterbury earthquake sequence, and provides a whole of government perspective on the lessons from the Government’s recovery … For Kate, there's one clear, key lesson to learn from the Christchurch earthquakes. We first illustrated the deficiency of the initial catalogue by comparing the GeoNet data downloaded in January 2012 with the mainly finalised catalogue in September 2012. Investigate how unusual late and large aftershocks are as observed in the Canterbury sequence. Investigate how unusual late and large aftershocks are, as observed in the Canterbury sequence. A Christophersen, D A Rhoades, S Hainzl, E G C Smith. We had two main objectives: Use aftershock parameters derived from global earthquake catalogues to provide bounds for earthquake rates in the Canterbury region for the coming years and decades. The three M≥6.0 aftershocks included the devastating M6.3 Christchurch earthquake on 22 February 2011, which resulted in 185 deaths and extensive damage. * 10 km east of Waiau, Canterbury, New Zealand. To investigate how unusual late and large aftershocks are (such as those observed in the Canterbury sequence) we used two global earthquake catalogues. Therefore a new time varying earthquake hazard model, the EE model, was developed. 2011) and three subsequent earthquakes of Mw ≥ 5.9, most notably the 22 February 2011 Mw6.2 Christchurch earthquake (e.g., Kaiser et al. Therefore a new time varying earthquake hazard model, called the EE model, was developed. We also fitted the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model to the Canterbury sequence. The Canterbury sequence in the context of global earthquake statistics. We identified further work required to understand the time frame for which aftershock models can be usefully applied. The Canterbury Earthquake National Memorial was opened to the public at the sixth anniversary commemoration event on 22 February 2017. There was limited experience in dealing with the complexities of such an … Due to on-going aftershock activity and the possibility of other triggered moderate to large earthquakes, the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard model was expected to grossly underestimate the level of ground shaking for the Canterbury region for the coming decades. Please get in touch. The Pegasus Bay aftershock sequence is the most recent aftershock sequence of the 2010 September 3 UTC moment magnitude (M w) 7.1 Darfield earthquake in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.The Pegasus Bay aftershock sequence began on 2011 December 23 UTC with three events of M w 5.4–5.9 located in the offshore region of Pegasus … We also searched for large aftershocks within 1.1 magnitude units of the main shock that occurred at least as late and far away as the Christchurch earthquake relative to the Darfield earthquake. The 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES), including the moment magnitude (M w) 7.1 Darfield earthquake and M w 6.2, 6.0, 5.9, and 5.8 aftershocks, occurred on a suite of previously unidentified, primarily blind, active faults in the eastern South Island of New Zealand. In space, the relative distance of Christchurch to the Darfield earthquakes was around the 80th percentile, and in time around the 85th percentile of all large aftershocks respective to their main shocks for the preferred search criteria. CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE Since the M w7.1 earthquake occurred on 4 September 2010, a sequence of significant earthquakes has struck the greater Christchurch region, as summarised in Table 1. Photo / Christchurch Star It began a series of earthquakes and aftershocks lasting till around 2016. For the prospective simulations the expected number of M≥ 6.0 earthquakes in 50 years is up to six times higher than for the EE model. The tourism industry suffered significant losses as a consequence of the Canterbury earthquake sequence. EQC received over 470,000 claims, more than 15,000 families lost their homes, and repair costs were estimated at over $40 billion. Have a question or feedback? 27 Nov, 2013 6:10pm . Tonkin + Taylor's Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Programme Leader, John Leeves and liquefaction expert, Dr Sjoerd van Ballegooy reflect on the unprecedented liquefaction damage that devastated Greater Christchurch. 2012) that resulted in 185 fatalities. To investigate how unusual late and large aftershocks are as observed in the Canterbury sequence, we used two global earthquake catalogues. Kate was on the ground for Tonkin + Taylor mapping land damage and providing critical engineering advice for the Earthquake Commission and NZ Government from the first aftershock. The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010 – 2011) caused significant damage and loss of life in Christchurch, New Zealand. Many of these research papers have PDF downloads available on the site. Managing the long and complex recovery from the Canterbury earthquake sequence has been a devastating learning curve for the New Zealand government and all its recovery partners. The first earthquake in September 2010 was the moment the ‘rubber hit the road’ for geotechnical engineer, Mike Jacka. If you'd like to access a paper that doesn't have a download, use the research paper request form to ask for a copy. We also searched for large aftershocks within 1.1 magnitude units of the main shock that occurred at least as late and far away as the Christchurch earthquake relative to the Darfield earthquake. We then searched for earthquake sequences using different search criteria. Because … Time-lapse visualisations of the February 22 2011 and September 4 2010 earthquakes and their aftershocks can also be viewed. Many events in the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence were sufficiently shallow and close to (or under) Christchurch to subject the city to very intense shaking (V: 1.7 g; H: 2.2 g). The sequence began in September 2010, followed by a significant aftershock in February 2011 that caused an unprecedented and sustained reduction in tourism arrivals to the city of Christchurch and the wider region. Some damaging aftershocks followed the main event, the strongest of which was a magnitude 6.3 shock known as the Christchurch earthquakethat occurred nearly six months later on 22 February 2011. We used the fitted parameters to calculate the number of M≥6.0 earthquakes expected to occur in the 50 years starting in September 2012 for the different combinations of parameters. The Canterbury earthquake sequence is an on-going earthquake sequence, which started with the M7.1 Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010. 15,000 families lost their homes and 8,000 families were permanently displaced. Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010-present) and examines communication learnings to create recommendations for improvements in implementation for these campaigns in future. 1 earthquake within a radius of 150km of central Christchurch over 24 hours. PLEASE ENABLE JAVASCRIPT IN YOUR INTERNET OPTIONS. During our project we realised that many earthquakes, including 14 in the magnitude band 5‑5.9 in the first 24h following Darfield, had not been reported in the initial GeoNet catalogue. We fitted the two relationships used in aftershock forecasting, the Omori-Utsu law for aftershock decay and the Gutenberg-Richter relation for the magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes, to three subsets of the catalogue following M≥6.0 earthquakes. Police and volunteers worked to rescue people after Christchurch's earthquakes in 2011. The Canterbury earthquake sequence is an on-going earthquake sequence, which started with the M7.1 Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010. This confirmed that the M≥6.0 aftershocks in the Canterbury sequence occurred relatively far away from the main shock in space and time but this is not too unusual in global aftershock statistics. The authors report on, and summarise, the effects that the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence had on the environment. The Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence I: The Mw 7.1 Darfield Earthquake of 3 September 2010 and Aftershock Sequence John Ristau GNS Science Lower Hutt, New Zealand Introduction On 4 September 2010 at 04:35 NZST (3 September 16:35 UTC) the moment magnitude (Mw) 7.1 Darfield earthquake occurred in the Canterbury region of New Zealand, … The three M≥6.0 aftershocks included the devastating M6.3 Christchurch earthquake on 22 February 2011, which resulted in 185 deaths and extensive damage. JP Morgan, Chase & Co ranked the CES as the third most costly earthquake event in history behind the 2011 Japanese subduction earthquake/tsunami and the 1994 Californian earthquakes. Depending on the search criteria, between 6 and 13 % of main shocks in the more complete catalogue had 3 or more aftershocks within 1.1 magnitude units as observed in the Canterbury sequence. 380,000) was hit by four major earthquakes and thousands of aftershocks. The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence includes the 4 September 2010 Mw7.1 Darfield earthquake (e.g., Gledhill et al. Between September 2010 and December 2011, NZ's second largest city (pop. As a consequence of the earthquake sequence the For each catalogue we identified magnitude thresholds and time periods for which the data can be expected to be complete. In our most complete dataset and with the preferred search criteria, 2% of large earthquake fulfil these criteria. Of these large earthquakes, around 20% had a larger relative distance than Christchurch to Darfield, and around 15% occurred later than 171 days. EQC acknowledged several times during this period that the scale … We slightly changed focus from deriving aftershock parameters from the global catalogue, to aftershock modelling in the Canterbury sequence to provide bounds for earthquake rates in the Canterbury region for the coming years and decades. The expected number ranged from 0.6 to 1.1, and totalled 2.3 for all sub sequences, which is an upper bound estimate due to the dependence of the events. A primary The largest two earthquakes, magnitude (M) 7.1 on September 4th and the M 6.3 on February 22nd 2011 caused immediate and significant damage to the city of Christchurch. We slightly changed focus from deriving aftershock parameters from the global catalogue, to modelling aftershocks in the Canterbury sequence to provide bounds for earthquake rates in the Canterbury region for the coming years and decades. The research comes from an “insider” perspective from someone who worked on these campaigns in Canterbury before the earthquakes. The memorial is a place to reflect on the 2010/2011 earthquakes that changed Greater Christchurch forever. In the other dataset there were another couple of examples. This confirmed that although the M≥6.0 aftershocks in the Canterbury sequence occurred relatively far away from the main shock in space and time these differences were not unusual in global aftershock statistics. Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB), Community and Public Health, New Zealand. The repair and rebuilding of Canterbury continues and is expected to top $40 billion. The most destructive of these was the 22 February 2011 earthquake, centered close to Christchurch, in which 185 people died. More than 650,000 insurance claims … The Canterbury earthquake sequence has been a long-lived complex earthquake sequence, which started with the M7.1 Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010. How Professionals Have Helped to Prevent Recovery in Canterbury and Have Caused a Separate Disaster for Property Owners Adrian COWIE, New Zealand 1. YOU NEED JAVASCRIPT TO RUN THIS SITE. This confirms that while the Christchurch earthquake occurred with a time delay of 171 days and 42 km from the Darfield epicentre, this is not too unusual in global earthquake occurrences. The 6.3-magnitude earthquake may have been an aftershock of the 7.1-magnitude 4 September 2010 Canterbury earthquake.New Zealand's GNS Science has stated that the earthquake was part of the aftershock sequence that has been occurring since the September magnitude-7.1 quake, however a seismologist from Geoscience Australia considers it a separate event given … The first earthquake occurred at the beginning of the New Zealand spring in September 2010 (when building projects typically start) followed by three more In the other dataset there were another couple of examples. It pays respect to those who lost their lives, those who were seriously injured and survivors. M C Gerstenberger, GNS Science (EQC funded project 12/634). Earthquake sequence unique to Canterbury . We also identified further work required to better understand what effect the deficiencies of the real-time earthquake data have on the real-time forecasting models. This confirms that while the Christchurch earthquake occurred with a time delay of 171 days and 42 km from the Darfield epicentre, this is not unique in the context of global earthquake occurrences. In summary, the probability for one or more M≥ 6.0 earthquakes in the 50 years starting in September 2012 ranges from 50% to 93% depending on the model and model parameters. We identified further work required to investigate the applicability of aftershock models on the time-scale of decades, which is due to begin soon. Since the earthquake, an Engineering Advisory Group has been assembled, now working under the Department of Building and Housing. All of the earthquakes occurred on previously The retrospective simulations are consistent with the observations. The earthquake We used the estimated parameters, as well as generic aftershock parameters for New Zealand to simulate ETAS earthquake sequences for the two-year duration of the catalogue, as well as for 50 years starting in September 2012. The Earthquake Commission (EQC) is New Zealand’s public insurer for natural disaster damage. Tonkin + Taylor’s Virginie Lacrosse found people really “got it” when she likened geotechnical engineers to doctors. Jackson & Arizona are part of the generation of Christchurch children now know as 'the earthquake babies'. We then searched for earthquake sequences using different search criteria. Map showing recent earthquake activity in and around Christchurch, New Zealand. Setting of the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Greater Christchurch Group has released its Whole of Government report on the lessons from the Canterbury earthquake sequence. The widespread and complex land damage across Canterbury needed to be explained to and understood by property owners. Our project set out to investigate the Canterbury sequence in the context of global earthquake statistics. He had done his Master’s degree at Canterbury University in earthquake engineering, specifically, liquefaction potential for Christchurch. November 3, 2014 | Christoph Grützner in Paper. 4 minutes to read . 380,000) was hit by four major earthquakes and thousands of aftershocks. Half of Christchurch's urban roads had to be rebuilt, 30% of the sewerage system was damaged and 32 million litres of water were lost when a major crack opened up in the floor of the city's largest reservoir. Search … INTRODUCTION Christchurch, New Zealand. Latest earthquake is #25940 being magnitude 2.43 ( II) at 33.12 km at 12:10am, about 23 hr 8 mins ago. We identified further work required to better understand what effect the deficiencies of the real-time earthquake data have on the real‑time forecasting models. As a The 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES), including the moment magnitude (M w ) 7.1 Darfield earthquake and M w 6.2, 6.0, 5.9, and 5.8 aftershocks, occurred on a suite of previously unidentified, primarily blind, active faults in … The Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake of February 2011: preliminary report (Kaiser et al., 2012) Kinematic source studies of the ongoing (2010-2011) sequence of recent large earthquakes in Canterbury (Holden and Beavan, 2012) The Pegasus Bay aftershock sequence of the Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury), New Zealand earthquake (Ristau et al., 2013) 2 Executive Summary The Christchurch earthquake sequence has been on-going since September 4th 2010. The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence – Recovery from Disaster. 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